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1. 6502 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE SUBROUTINES PDF - Assembly Language Subroutines Lance A. Leventhal Winthrop Saville OSBORNE/McGraw-Hill Berkeley, California Disclaimer of Warranties. Assembly Language.
2. The World's Finest Atari Database: games, demos, utilities.
3. The Visible Computer: 6502 Machine Language Teaching System com­ bines this manual with a diskette containing a 6502 simulator program to provide a systematic way to learn machine language programming on the Commodore 64 computer. This manual is a tutorial on 6502 machine language and the related concepts of binary and hexadecimal numbering.

The 6502 is an 8-bit microprocessor that was designed by Chuck Peddle and Bill Mensch for MOS Technology in 1975. Peddle and Mensch were previously involved in designing the Motorola6800. The 6502's performance was actually competitive with other CPUs using significantly faster clocks, partly due to a simplistic state machine implemented by combinatorial logic to a greater extent than in many other designs. Therefor it was a popular processor for dedicated chess computers as well as general purpose systems such as the single board computerKIM-1, and early home computers, notably Apple II, Atari 8-bit, Commodore PET and Commodore 64, which actually uses a close derivative of the 6502, the 6510.

Like its precursor, the Motorola6800 (but unlike Intel8080) the 6502 has very few registers. There was one 8-bit accumulator register (A), two 8-bit index registers (X and Y), an 8-bit processor status register (P), an 8-bit stack pointer (S), and a 16-bit program counter (PC).

Unlike Motorola6800, the 6502 is a little-endian processor, concerning the byte-order of 16-bit words in memory.

By Dan and Kathe Spracklen from their Oral History^[2] on the advantages of the 6502 compared to 8080/Z80 while porting Sargon:

MC650x Internal Architecture ^[3]

The TurboKit TK20 by German engineering company Schaetzle+Bsteh was a discrete 6502 compatible 18 MHz high speed CPU with own fast shadow memory build from more than 100 integrated circuits, dedicated for general purpose and chess computers with 6502 processor, connected via a ribbon cable to the 40 pin processor socket of the host system ^[5][6][7]. The TK 20 was used by Ed Schröder with his dedicated Rebel programs at the WCCC 1986 and various World Microcomputer Chess Championship, and also by Ulf Rathsman and his Y! programs. Further, the dedicated Saitek Leonardo Turbo mini series was extended by Schaetzle+Bsteh with an 18 MHz integrated TurboKit ^[8].

• 6502 Programming Manual, August 1976 (pdf)

• Peter Jennings (1976). MicroChess, a Chess playing program for the 6502 Microcomputer. pdf, Courtesy of Peter Jennings, The Computer History Museum

For instance, how to flip the board in 6502 Assembly^[10] :

6502 Assembly Language Programming Pdf Grade 8

• Lance A. Leventhal (1979). 6502 Assembly Language Programming. Osborne/McGraw-Hill, pdf
• Editor (1981). Battle of the Chips. Personal Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 82 » [[[Z80]]
• Rodnay Zaks (1983). Programming the 6502 (Fourth Edition). Sybex, Inc. ISBN 0-89588-135-7.

• Retrocomputing with the 6502 by Steven Edwards, CCC, June 22, 2007
• Vintage Chess Programming by Srdja Matovic, CCC, October 08, 2011
• My Arduino-Based 6502 Simulation/Emulation...thing? by halkun, 6502.org Forum, November 26, 2012 » Arduino

6502.org Forum

• NMOS 6502 ALU from Dieter's Homepage
• Wieder lieferbar: der 6502-Mikroprozessor from heise online, January 25, 2012 (German)

1. ↑Schematic of a MOS 6502, carefully reverse engineered over a long period of time by the chip enthusiast who runs BreakNES, showing how the classic chip works, MOS Technology 6502 - Wikipédia.fr
2. ↑Gardner Hendrie (2005). Oral History of Kathe and Dan Spracklen. pdf from The Computer History Museum
3. ↑Foltyn Presentation - Microprocessor 6502
4. ↑Image from ICT 2006 and 13th Chess Computer Users (Gebruikers) tournament old CSVN site Photo Gallery 24, Photos by Eric van Reem and Kees Sio
5. ↑TurboKit – Schachcomputer.info Wiki
6. ↑Schaetzle+Bsteh High Speed Processor System TK20 TurboKit MTK20 Multi TurboKit. pdf hosted by Hein Veldhuis
7. ↑TK20 Turbokit by Chessbama, Hiarcs Forum, December 09, 2014
8. ↑Saitek Leonardo TurboKit from Schachcomputer.info Wiki (German)
9. ↑6502.org: Books
10. ↑6502 MICROPROCESSOR Instruction Set Summary

Programming The 6502 Pdf